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High-efficiency thickening at low concentrations (0.1–0.5% w/w) in aqueous systems.
Excellent rheology control with strong pseudoplasticity and high viscosity recovery after shear.
Stable across broad pH range (3.0–7.0) when neutralized with alkali (e.g., TEA or NaOH).
Clear, transparent gels with superior clarity and minimal haze in finished formulations.
Compatible with a wide range of surfactants, emollients, and active ingredients commonly used in cosmetics.
Leave-on moisturizing gels and facial serums.
Rinse-off shampoos and body washes requiring mild viscosity build and foam stabilization.
Antiperspirant and deodorant gels.
Sunscreen lotions and sprays requiring UV-filter suspension and non-drip consistency.
Makeup removers and micellar water formulations.
| Chemical Type | Crosslinked polyacrylic acid homopolymer |
| Product Form | White, free-flowing powder |
| Appearance | Off-white to white granular powder |
| Primary Applications | Personal care and cosmetic formulations |
| Key Features | High molecular weight, high gel strength, low residue |
| Benefits | Efficient thickening, excellent clarity, easy dispersion, good electrolyte tolerance |
| pH (1% aqueous dispersion, unneutralized) | 2.5–3.5 |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.5% |
Q1: What is the primary functional role of Carbomer 940 in cosmetic formulations?
A: Carbomer 940 is a high-molecular-weight polyacrylic acid polymer primarily used as a rheology modifier—providing strong viscosity enhancement, excellent suspension capability, and stable gel structure in aqueous systems. It delivers high clarity, smooth texture, and responsive shear-thinning behavior ideal for gels, lotions, and serums.
Q2: How is Carbomer 940 typically neutralized to achieve full thickening performance?
A: Full viscosity development requires neutralization with a suitable base—commonly triethanolamine (TEA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or sodium hydroxide solution. Neutralization should occur after complete dispersion and swelling, usually at pH 6.0–7.5, to ensure optimal polymer chain expansion and network formation.
Q3: Is Carbomer 940 compatible with common cosmetic preservatives and active ingredients?
A: Yes—Carbomer 940 demonstrates broad compatibility with widely used preservatives (e.g., phenoxyethanol, parabens, benzyl alcohol) and many water-soluble actives, including niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, and glycerin. However, compatibility should always be verified in the final formulation due to potential interactions with cationic surfactants or highly acidic/alkaline actives.
Q4: What are key handling considerations during incorporation into a formulation?
A: To avoid lumps and ensure uniform dispersion, Carbomer 940 should be pre-dispersed slowly under high-shear mixing into deionized water or low-viscosity aqueous phase—never added directly to already neutralized or viscous media. Allow sufficient time (typically 15–30 minutes) for full hydration before neutralization.
Q5: Can Carbomer 940 be used in rinse-off versus leave-on products?
A: Yes—it is widely employed in both categories. Its robust film-forming and suspending properties support stable leave-on gels and serums, while its rapid viscosity reduction upon dilution makes it suitable for gentle rinse-off cleansers and shampoos—especially when combined with appropriate co-thickeners or surfactant systems.
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