Contains approximately 4.5% free sulfur trioxide (SO₃) dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, delivering superior sulfonating power compared to standard 98% H₂SO₄.
Exhibits high thermal and chemical stability under controlled storage conditions, minimizing decomposition risk during handling.
Produces minimal fuming at ambient temperatures when sealed properly—enhancing operator safety and reducing vapor exposure.
Consistently high purity with low levels of heavy metals and chloride impurities, critical for precision chemical synthesis.
Supplied in corrosion-resistant high-density polyethylene (HDPE) drums or lined carbon steel tanks compatible with aggressive acid service.
Sulfonation of aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, naphthalene) in the production of surfactants and dyes.
Catalytic dehydration reactions in fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis.
Manufacture of explosives precursors such as nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin esterification catalysts.
Production of titanium dioxide via the sulfate process, where enhanced acidity improves ore digestion efficiency.
Regeneration of spent acid in alkylation units within petroleum refining operations.
| Chemical Type | Fuming Sulfuric Acid (Oleum), 104.5% H₂SO₄ equivalent |
| Product Form | Liquid (fuming, viscous) |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid; mild fuming in humid air |
| Free SO₃ Content | 4.3–4.7% w/w (typical) |
| Assay (as H₂SO₄) | 104.0–105.0% (by weight, calculated basis) |
| Density (20 °C) | 1.84–1.88 g/cm³ |
| Primary Applications | Sulfonation, catalysis, dehydration, ore processing |
| Regulatory Compliance | REACH registered; SDS available per GHS Rev. 10; UN2796, Class 8, PG I |
| Common Compatible Systems | Suitability |
| Carbon Steel (with ≥93% H₂SO₄ pre-passivation) | Highly Recommended – Excellent resistance above 70 °C due to protective sulfate layer formation |
| Alloy 20 (Carpenter 20) | Recommended – Good general corrosion resistance; limited to moderate flow velocities |
| High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) & Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) | Highly Recommended – Chemically inert for storage and transfer at ambient temperature |
| 316 Stainless Steel | Suitable – Only for short-term, low-concentration, or diluted service; not recommended for undiluted 104.5% oleum |
Q1: What is the CAS Registry Number for 104.5% Fuming Sulfuric Acid?
A: The CAS number is 8014-95-7 (assigned to oleum, covering all SO₃/H₂SO₄ mixtures including 104.5% grade).
Q2: How does 104.5% Fuming Sulfuric Acid differ from 98% or 100% sulfuric acid in reactivity?
A: It provides significantly higher electrophilic SO₃ activity, enabling faster, more complete sulfonation of deactivated aromatics and reducing side reactions like oxidation that occur with lower-strength acids.
Q3: Is migration or leaching of components a concern when using this product in lined equipment?
A: No measurable migration occurs with properly selected linings (e.g., FEP, PTFE, or phenolic resin); however, epoxy phenolic coatings require validation for continuous oleum service due to potential hydrolytic degradation.
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